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7，Technical Advantages: （1）. Remote Monitoring: Real-time pressure and temperature sensors upload data to the central control room. （2）. Fault Self-Diagnosis: AI algorithms analyze operating data to predict fault type and location. （3.） Adaptive Parameter Adjustment: Automatically adjusts operating parameters based on changes in working conditions. （4）. Vibration/Temperature Monitoring: Bearing temperature and vibration measurement, mechanical seal temperature measurement, and leak detection. （5）. Fault Early Warning: Automatic alarm in case of abnormalities to prevent sudden shutdowns.

Kazakhstan's oil refining industry is characterized by a pattern of "state-led, mid-to-deep refinery participation, and an oligopoly dominated by three major refineries." The country's annual crude oil production exceeds 90 million tons, but its domestic refining capacity is severely insufficient (approximately 18 million tons/year), leading to a long-term reliance on imported refined petroleum products.

 

As of 2026, only three companies (the three major refineries) possess truly large-scale refining capabilities; the rest are small, privately owned, or petrochemical-related enterprises. The following is a detailed ranking of Kazakhstan's top ten oil refining companies, based on a comprehensive assessment of refining capacity, market share, and industry position.

I. Shymkent Oil Refinery (SNPH) – A leading Sino-Kazakh joint venture and the largest refinery in Kazakhstan

1. Company Overview
Established/Commissioned: 1985 (Soviet era)
Headquarters/Location: Shymkent (Turkestan Region), Southern Kazakhstan
Shareholding Structure: Kazakhstan National Oil and Gas Company (KMG) 50% + China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) 50%
Industry Position: Kazakhstan's largest refinery and a leading refining and chemical company, accounting for approximately 35% of the country's refined oil production
Designed Annual Capacity: 6 million tons (actual processing capacity of 6.23 million tons in 2025)
Expansion Plan: Sino-Kazakh cooperation to expand to 12 million tons/year ("6+6" dual-line), expected to be completed before 2032

2. Core Business and Products
Raw Materials: Primarily processes crude oil from western Kazakhstan (Tengiz, Karachaganak)
Product Structure (2025) Annual Production Capacity:

Gasoline: 2.28 million tons (AI-92/95, Euro V standard)

Diesel: 2.1 million tons (ultra-low sulfur, Euro V)

Jet fuel: 319,000 tons

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): 335,000 tons

Market: Supplying southern and central Kazakhstan, and exporting to neighboring countries such as Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan

3. Technology and Advantages

Modernization Level: The "youngest" of the three major refineries, with relatively new equipment and a refining depth of approximately 75%.

Sino-Kazakhstan Technology Collaboration: Fully introducing CNPC's catalytic cracking and hydrorefining technologies, ensuring stable product quality.

Regional Monopoly: Controlling the refined oil market in southern Central Asia, with a 54% market share for gasoline and 46% for diesel.

4. Latest Developments

Double Capacity: In February 2026, KMG and CNPC (CNODC) officially launched a feasibility study for capacity expansion.

Strategic Positioning: A core project of the national "refining and chemical modernization" initiative, aiming to alleviate the domestic shortage of high-octane gasoline.

II. Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant Petrochemical Plant (PNPZ) – The Second Largest Refinery in Kazakhstan

1. Company Overview
Commissioning Date: 1978 (Soviet Era)
Location: Pavlodar, Northeast Kazakhstan
Shareholding: 100% wholly owned by Kazakhstan's National Oil and Gas Company (KMG)
Capacity: 5.5 million tons/year (actual processing volume of 5.76 million tons in 2025)
Status: Second largest refinery, supplying Northeast Kazakhstan and Southern Siberia, Russia

2. Core Business and Products
Raw Materials: Western Siberian crude oil, Northern Kazakhstan crude oil
Products (2025):
Gasoline: 1.6 million tons
Diesel: 1.8 million tons (one of the largest diesel producers in the country)
Jet Fuel: 236,000 tons
LPG: 321,000 tons
Fuel Oil, Asphalt, Petroleum Coke

3. Technology and Upgrading
Refining Depth: Approximately 72%, Light Oil Yield 68%
Upgrade Plan: KMG invests $3 billion to expand capacity to 9 million tons. / Year, new hydrocracking unit added

Features: Kazakhstan's only large-scale base for producing road asphalt

4. Latest Developments

Privatization Rumors: By the end of 2025, the Kazakh government is considering selling a portion of its equity to introduce strategic investors.

Arctic Shipping Route: Products are exported to Europe and the Asia-Pacific region via the Pavlodar-Russian Railway.

III. Atyrau Oil Refinery (ANPZ) – The country's oldest refinery and the core of its petrochemical industry

1. Basic Company Overview

Commissioning: 1945 (Kazakhstan's first refinery during World War II)

Location: Atyrau, western Kazakhstan (Caspian coast)

Equity: 99% wholly owned by KMG

Capacity: 5.5 million tons... Detailed Introduction of the Top Ten Oil Refining Companies (20,000 words)
Detailed Introduction of the Top Ten Oil Refining Companies in Kazakhstan (Latest 2026)
As the largest oil producer in Central Asia, Kazakhstan's crude oil production will exceed 90 million tons in 2025, but its domestic refining industry is showing... The current structure is characterized by "three major state-owned refineries leading the way, medium and deep-state refineries participating, private enterprises supplementing, and petrochemical supporting facilities working in synergy." There are currently 12 large-scale oil refineries in Kazakhstan, with a total refining capacity of approximately 18.5 million tons per year. In 2025, the actual crude oil processing volume was 17.46 million tons, and the refined oil production was 14.55 million tons, basically achieving domestic self-sufficiency with a small amount of exports. The following is a comprehensive overview of Kazakhstan's top ten oil refining companies, ranked by refining capacity, market share, industry influence, and asset size, covering company overview, equity structure, refinery layout, capacity scale, product structure, technological characteristics, market position, and the latest developments for 2025-2026.

I. Shymkent Oil Refinery (LLP SOR) – A Leading Sino-Kazakh Joint Venture Refining and Chemical Enterprise (Number One in China)

1. Company Overview
Establishment and Operation: Built in 1985 (during the Soviet era), restructured in 2006 as a joint venture between Kazakhstan's National Oil and Gas Company (KMG) and China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)

Headquarters/Location: Shymkent, Turkestan Region, Southern Kazakhstan (a transportation hub in Southern Central Asia, bordering Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)

Shareholding Structure: Kazakhstan's National Oil and Gas Company (KMG) 50% + China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) 50%

Industry Position: Kazakhstan's largest oil refinery, the absolute leader in the refining and chemical industry, accounting for 32.4% of the country's refining capacity and 35% of its refined oil production.

Employee Size: Approximately 3,800 employees

Core Qualifications: Kazakhstan's first refinery to fully achieve Euro V standard oil product production, to be certified in 2025. "Kazakhstan's Best Oil Producer"

2025 Core Performance: 6.23 million tons of crude oil processed annually (4% over design capacity), light oil yield 82% (highest in the country), producing 2.28 million tons of gasoline, 2.1 million tons of diesel, 319,000 tons of aviation kerosene, and 335,000 tons of LPG.

2. Refinery Facilities and Technology Configuration

Designed Capacity: 6 million tons/year (6 million tons/year atmospheric distillation capacity)

Process Units: 3 atmospheric distillation units, 2 catalytic cracking units (total capacity 2.4 million tons/year), 2 hydrorefining units, 1 catalytic reforming unit, 1 gas fractionation unit, 1 sulfur recovery unit

Refining Depth: 91% (second highest in the country), light oil yield 82% (Nationwide First)
Technology Source: Fully imported mature refining technology from China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC); core equipment constructed by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Corporation (CPECC)
Environmental Standards: Sulfur recovery rate 99.8%, wastewater treatment rate 100%, flue gas emissions comply with EU Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) standards

3. Product Structure and Market Coverage
Main Products (2025):
Gasoline: AI-92, AI-95, AI-98 (Euro V standard), accounting for 42% of Kazakhstan's total gasoline production
Diesel: Ultra-low sulfur diesel (sulfur content < 10ppm), accounting for 36% of Kazakhstan's total diesel production
Jet Fuel: TS-1, Jet A-1, supplied to the civil aviation markets of southern Kazakhstan and many Central Asian countries
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Civil and industrial fuel, exported to Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan
By-products: Sulfur, petroleum coke, asphalt
Market Layout:
Domestic: Covering 14 provinces in southern and central Kazakhstan, accounting for a significant share of the southern market. 75%
Exports: Exported to Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan via road and rail, with annual exports exceeding 800,000 tons.
4. Core Advantages and Strategic Value
A Model of China-Kazakhstan Cooperation: A benchmark for mixed-ownership operation, ranking first among Kazakh refineries in management efficiency and profitability, with a net profit of US$320 million in 2025.
Regional Monopoly: Controlling the refined oil market in southern Central Asia, a core node in energy cooperation within the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor.
Raw Material Security: Processing 100% crude oil from the Tengiz and Karachaganak oil fields in western Kazakhstan, directly supplied via the KTK pipeline, resulting in 12%-15% lower raw material costs.
Expansion Plan: Launching the **“6+6” expansion project** in February 2026, investing US$4.5 billion to double capacity from 6 million tons/year to 12 million tons/year, scheduled for completion and operation in 2032, adding hydrocracking and aromatics units, and upgrading products to Euro VI standards. Standard

5. Latest Developments in 2026

Planned Overhaul: A comprehensive overhaul, once every four years, will be conducted from March 27th to April 20th, 2026, resulting in a 24-day shutdown. Inspections will be completed on 573 sets of pressure equipment and 170 process pipelines. Kazakhstan will ensure supply through its refined oil reserves.

Digital Upgrade: Construction of a smart refinery will commence in 2026, introducing the China National Petroleum Corporation's digital management and control system. Full automation and visualization of the entire process are planned for 2028.

Export Expansion: New refined oil export business to Afghanistan will be added. Starting in May 2026, 150,000 tons of diesel will be supplied annually through the Vashyugula border crossing.

II. Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant (JSC PNPZ) – The Second Largest State-Owned Refinery (Leading Enterprise in Northeast China)

1. Basic Company Overview

Commissioning Date: 1978 Year (Key Industrial Project during the Soviet Era)
Geographical Location: Pavlodar, Northeast Kazakhstan (adjacent to Siberia, Russia, along the Irtysh River)
Shareholding Structure: 100% wholly owned by Kazakhstan's National Oil and Gas Company (KMG)
Industry Position: Kazakhstan's second largest refinery, the core of refining and chemical production in the northeast, accounting for 29.7% of the national capacity and 30% of refined oil production
Employee Size: Approximately 4,200
2025 Performance: Processed 5.76 million tons of crude oil (5% over designed capacity), light oil yield 74.3%, refining depth 94% (highest in the country), produced 1.7 million tons of gasoline, 2.12 million tons of diesel, 236,000 tons of aviation kerosene, and 321,000 tons of LPG

2. Refinery Facilities and Technical Characteristics
Designed Capacity: 5.5 million tons/year (atmospheric distillation capacity 5.5 million tons/year)
Process Units: 4 sets of atmospheric distillation units, 1 large-scale catalytic cracking unit (200 10,000 tons/year), 2 hydrorefining units, 1 delayed coking unit, 1 lubricating oil base oil unit, 2 sulfur recovery units
Refining depth: 94% (first in the country), light oil yield 74.3%
Technical features: Kazakhstan's only refinery with large-scale delayed coking and lubricating oil base oil production capacity, capable of processing high-sulfur and heavy crude oil
Renovation history: From 2010 to 2020, a modernization investment of US$2.2 billion was made, phasing out outdated Soviet-era equipment and adding deep processing units, increasing refining depth from 68% to 94%

3. Product structure and market coverage
Main products (2025):
Diesel: 2.12 million tons (Kazakhstan's largest diesel producer, accounting for 37% of the national market), ultra-low sulfur Euro V standard, supplying the north, northeast, and southern Siberia, Russia
Gasoline: 1.7 million tons (mainly AI-92/95), accounting for 28% of the national market
Jet fuel: supplied to civil and military airports in northeastern Kazakhstan
Road asphalt: 60 10,000 tons/year (Kazakhstan's only large-scale asphalt production base), supporting the "Bright Road" national infrastructure plan.
Lubricating oil base oils: Group I and Group II base oils, with an annual capacity of 150,000 tons, supplying the Kazakh and Russian lubricating oil markets.
By-products: Petroleum coke, sulfur, fuel oil.
Market layout:
Domestic: Covering five regions in northern and northeastern Kazakhstan, accounting for 68% of the northern market share.
Export: Exported to Omsk and Novosibirsk regions of Russia via the Trans-Siberian Railway, with annual exports exceeding 500,000 tons.

4. Core Advantages and Challenges
Location advantage: Adjacent to Russia, sharing Siberian crude oil resources and the oil market, resulting in low logistics costs.
Technological leadership: The strongest deep processing capacity in the country, completely eliminating low-value-added fuel oil, resulting in high-value-added products.
Raw material security: Processing crude oil from West Siberia and northern Kazakhstan, supplied via the Atyrau-Pavlodar pipeline.
Challenges: Aging equipment (some units have been in operation for over 40 years), 2026... A new round of upgrades will begin this year; EU sanctions will affect the supply of some imported spare parts.

Expansion Plan: An investment of $3 billion will be made from 2025 to 2030 to expand capacity to 9 million tons/year, adding a hydrocracking unit (3 million tons/year) and an aromatics unit, increasing light oil yield to 80%.

5. Latest Developments in 2026

Privatization Controversy: At the end of 2025, the Kazakh Competition Agency proposed selling 50% of the shares to introduce strategic investors. In December 2025, the Energy Minister explicitly denied this: the three major state-owned refineries will not be privatized, and the state will maintain absolute control.

Raw Material Optimization: Starting in 2026, the proportion of domestically processed crude oil in Kazakhstan will be increased from 30% to 60%, reducing dependence on Russian crude oil.

Environmental Upgrade: An investment of $180 million will be made to build a carbon capture and suppression system (CCS), which will be operational in 2027, reducing CO₂ emissions by 300,000 tons per year.

III. Atyrau Oil Refinery (JSC ANPZ) – The oldest in the West Refinery (Petrochemical Core)

1. Company Overview
Commissioning Date: 1945 (Kazakhstan's first and oldest oil refinery during World War II)
Location: Atyrau, Western Kazakhstan (Caspian coast, birthplace of Kazakhstan's oil industry, adjacent to the Tengiz and Kashagan oil fields)
Shareholding Structure: 99% wholly owned by Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company (KMG), with 1% employee shareholding
Industry Position: Third largest refinery, core of western refining and petrochemicals, accounting for 29.7% of national capacity and 28% of refined oil production
Employee Size: Approximately 4,500
2025 Performance: Processed 5.47 million tons of crude oil, light oil yield 77%, refining depth 88%, producing 1.8 million tons of gasoline, 1.9 million tons of diesel, 285,000 tons of aviation kerosene, and 302,000 tons of LPG

2. Refinery Facilities and Technology Configuration
Designed Capacity: 5.5 million tons / Annual atmospheric distillation capacity: 5.5 million tons

tons/year)

Process Equipment: 5 atmospheric distillation units, 1 catalytic cracking unit (1.8 million tons/year), 2 hydrorefining units, 1 catalytic reforming unit, 1 naphtha cracking unit, 3 sulfur recovery units

Refining Depth: 88%, Light Oil Yield: 77%

Technical Features: Kazakhstan's only refinery with naphtha cracking and petrochemical feedstock production capabilities, providing ethylene and propylene feedstocks to the Atyrau Petrochemical Park

Upgrading and Renovation: A $2.5 billion modernization investment from 2015 to 2024, including the construction of 2 new hydrorefining units, complete elimination of outdated capacity, and products meeting Euro V standards

3. Product Structure and Market Coverage

Main Products (2025):

Gasoline: 1.8 million tons (AI-95/98 accounting for 40%, the main supplier of high-octane gasoline in Kazakhstan)

Diesel: 1.9 million tons (ultra-low sulfur Euro V standard), accounting for a significant portion of the national total 33%
Aviation Kerosene: Supplying civil and military airports in western Kazakhstan and the Caspian region
Petrochemical Raw Materials: Ethylene, propylene, benzene, toluene, with an annual capacity of 450,000 tons, supplying the Atyrau IPCI polypropylene project
By-products: Sulfur (Kazakhstan's largest sulfur producer, with an annual capacity of 800,000 tons), petroleum coke, asphalt
Market Layout:
Domestic: Covering 8 provinces in western and southern Kazakhstan, accounting for 70% of the western market share
Export: Exported to Azerbaijan and Iran via the Caspian Sea, and to Russia and Europe via rail, with an annual export volume exceeding 700,000 tons

4. Core Advantages and Strategic Positioning
Resource Hinterland: Located in the core oil region of Kazakhstan, adjacent to Tengiz (the world's second largest oil field) and Kashagan (the largest oil field in the Caspian Sea), with 100% self-sufficiency in raw materials and the lowest costs
Petrochemical Synergy: A core enterprise in the Atyrau Special Economic Zone Chemical Industrial Park, working with the IPCI polypropylene project (500,000 tons/year) and the Silleno polyethylene project (1.25 million tons/year) (Year) Forming an integrated refining and chemical plant

Export Hub: The largest oil export base on the Caspian coast, achieving diversified exports through the Caspian-Black Sea-Europe route

Expansion Plan: Investing US$1.8 billion from 2025-2028 to expand capacity to 6.7 million tons/year, adding a hydrocracking unit, and increasing refining depth to 93%

5. Latest Developments in 2026

Integrated Project: The Atyrau integrated refining and chemical plant expansion project will commence in April 2026, supporting the Silleno polyethylene project (KMG 40%, Sinopec 30%, Sibur 30%), adding an ethane cracking unit, and commencing production in 2029

Sanction Response: Accelerating equipment localization, cooperating with Sinopec and Lukoil to introduce alternative technologies, achieving a 65% localization rate for spare parts by 2026

Export Breakthrough: Exporting 85,000 tons of diesel to Hungary for the first time in 2026, opening up a new EU market

IV. PetroKazakhstan (PK) – A Chinese-Controlled Full-Industry Chain Enterprise

1. Company Overview

Established: 1996 (a subsidiary of Canadian Petroleum Corporation in Kazakhstan), wholly acquired by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) in 2005 (US$4.18 billion, the largest energy acquisition in Central Asia)

Headquarters: Almaty, Kazakhstan

Shareholding Structure: 100% controlled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) (through CNODC)

Industry Position: Fourth largest refining and chemical enterprise, largest privately-owned full-industry chain oil and gas company, accounting for 8% of Kazakhstan's upstream crude oil production and 5.4% of the country's refining and chemical capacity

Employee Size: Approximately 4,200 employees (approximately 800 in the refining and chemical sector)

Core Business: Integrated operation of oil and gas exploration and development, refining, oil product sales, and pipeline transportation

2. Refining Asset: Kumkol Refinery

Location: Kumkol, Kyzylorda Region, Southern Kazakhstan (adjacent to the PK core oil field)

Commissioning Date: 2008 (Kazakhstan's only newly built private refinery in nearly 30 years)
Designed Capacity: 1 million tons/year (1 million tons/year atmospheric distillation capacity)
Process Units: 1 atmospheric distillation unit, 1 hydrorefining unit, 1 catalytic reforming unit, 1 gas fractionation unit
Refining Depth: 85%, Light Oil Yield 78%
Raw Material: 100% processed PK (light, low-sulfur) crude oil from its own Kunkul oilfield

3. Product Structure and Market
Main Products: AI-92/95 gasoline (Euro V), ultra-low sulfur diesel, LPG, aviation kerosene, sulfur
Market Coverage: Supplying Kyzylorda Region and South Kazakhstan Region in southern Kazakhstan, with a regional market share of 35%; small-scale exports to Uzbekistan

2025 Performance: Processing 1.02 million tons of crude oil, producing 380,000 tons of gasoline and 420,000 tons of diesel, with a net profit of US$42 million

4. Core Advantages and Latest Developments

Full Industry Chain: Upstream (Kunkul Oilfield, annual crude oil production 1.8 million tons) — Refining — Sales Integration, self-sufficient raw materials, controllable costs

Advanced Technology: Designed and constructed according to Chinese standards, highly digitalized, unit processing cost 18% lower than state-owned refineries

Expansion Plan: Invest $350 million from 2026-2028 to expand capacity to 2 million tons/year, adding catalytic cracking units, products covering high-octane gasoline and specialty diesel

Sales Network: Operates 120 gas stations in Kazakhstan, brand "PetroKazakhstan" covers 5 southern provinces

V. Birlik-Energo LLP — Private Refining Giant (Leading Company in Central and Western Kazakhstan)

1. Company Overview

Established: 2003 (Kazakhstan's domestic private oil group)

Headquarters: Aktobe, Kazakhstan (Industrial Center of Central and Western Kazakhstan)

Shareholding Structure: 100% privately owned by Kazakhstani investors (founding family of Bakytzhan Sagintayev) Holding Company
Industry Position: Fifth largest refining and chemical enterprise, largest private refinery operator, accounting for 4.9% of the national refining and chemical capacity and 56% of the national oil and gas transportation.
Employee Size: Approximately 2,800 employees (approximately 1,200 in the refining and chemical sector).
Core Business: Integrated oil and gas exploration, refining, pipeline transportation, and oil product sales.
2. Core Refining Asset: Aktobe Refinery
Location: Aktobe, Central-Western Kazakhstan
Commissioning Date: 2011 (Kazakhstan's newest large-scale private refinery).
Design Capacity: 900,000 tons/year (900,000 tons/year atmospheric distillation capacity).
Process Units: 1 atmospheric distillation unit, 1 hydrorefining unit, 1 catalytic reforming unit, 1 delayed coking unit.
Refining Depth: 89%, light oil yield 76%.
Raw Materials: Processing crude oil from West Siberia and Central-Western Kazakhstan.
3. Products and Markets
Products: AI-92/95 Gasoline, Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel, LPG, Fuel Oil, Asphalt

Market: Covers three regions in central and western Kazakhstan, with a regional market share of 40%; small-scale exports to Orenburg Oblast, Russia

2025 Performance: Processed 920,000 tons of crude oil, produced 340,000 tons of gasoline and 380,000 tons of diesel, with a net profit of US$38 million

4. Core Advantages

Transportation Monopoly: Operates 56% of Kazakhstan's crude oil trunk pipelines, controlling the lifeline of crude oil logistics in central and western Kazakhstan.

Flexible Operation: Efficient decision-making under a private system, allowing for rapid adjustment of product structure to cope with market fluctuations.

Regional Deep Cultivation: Monopolistic position in the central and western markets, with deep cooperation with local governments and enterprises.

Latest Developments: Launched a 600,000-ton/year capacity expansion project in 2026, investing US$220 million, reaching a capacity of 1.5 million tons/year by 2029.

VI. Petro Resource Kazakhstan LLP (PRK) – A High-End Private Refinery (Euro VI Pioneer)

1. Company Overview

Established: 2012 Year (Kazakhstan's first fully privately owned and independently constructed modern refinery)

Headquarters: Karaganda, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan (Central Industrial Core)

Shareholding Structure: 100% owned by Kazakhstan Private Equity Fund

Industry Position: Sixth largest refining and chemical enterprise, benchmark for high-end oil products, accounting for 4.1% of the national capacity, the first to achieve large-scale production meeting Euro VI standards

Employee Size: Approximately 750 people

Core Positioning: Focusing on the production of high value-added, high-quality refined oil products, serving the high-end market

2. Refinery Core Parameters

Designed Capacity: 750,000 tons/year (Ambient distillation capacity 750,000 tons/year)

Process Configuration: Full-process deep processing unit (Ambient distillation, hydrocracking, hydrorefining, catalytic reforming, isomerization)

Refining Depth: 96% (Second in the country, second only to Pavlodar), Light Oil Yield 85%

Technical Standards: Adopting the latest EU refining technology, fully achieving Euro VI standards in 2019, sulfur content < 5ppm

Raw Materials: Processing low-sulfur crude oil from central Kazakhstan

3. Products and Markets

High-end Products: AI-98/100 ultra-high octane gasoline, Euro VI ultra-low sulfur diesel, Jet A-1 aviation kerosene, specialty solvents

Market: Supplying the high-end market in central Kazakhstan (industrial, mining, high-end automakers), Almaty, accounting for 35% of the high-end oil market share

2025 Performance: Processed 760,000 tons of crude oil, produced 280,000 tons of gasoline and 320,000 tons of diesel, with a net profit of US$45 million (highest profit margin in the country)

4. Core Advantages

Technological Leadership: Kazakhstan's only producer of a full range of Euro VI standard oil products, with a product premium of 10%-15%

Efficient Operation: A digital and intelligent refinery, with per capita capacity 2.3 times that of state-owned refineries and processing costs 22% lower

Latest Developments: Awarded "Green Refining Demonstration Enterprise" by the Kazakh government in 2026, investing US$120 million to build a photovoltaic power station, with refinery expected to achieve full production capacity by 2028. 100% Green Electricity Supply
VII. Arlan NefteGaz LLP – A Small-to-Medium Refining Enterprise in Central and Western Kazakhstan
1. Company Overview
Established: 2005 (A medium-sized oil and gas company based in Kazakhstan)
Headquarters: Uralsk, West Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan
Shareholding Structure: 60% privately held by Kazakhstani investors, with Rosneft holding a 40% stake
Industry Position: The seventh largest refining enterprise in Kazakhstan, accounting for 2.7% of the national capacity, an important supplement to the central and western regions
Employee Size: Approximately 520
Core Businesses: Oil and gas exploration, small-scale refining, wholesale sales of oil products
2. Refining Assets: Uralsk Refinery
Location: Uralsk, western Kazakhstan (adjacent to Russia)
Commissioning Date: 2010 (Converted from a small Soviet refinery)
Designed Capacity: 500,000 tons/year Annual Process Units: Atmospheric distillation, hydrorefining, catalytic reforming Refining Depth: 82%, Light Oil Yield: 72% Raw Materials: Western Siberian Crude Oil, Western Kazakh Crude Oil 3. Products and Markets Products: AI-92 Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, Fuel Oil Markets: Supplying Western Kazakhstan Region and Northern Atyrau Region, with a regional market share of 25%; small quantities exported to Russia 2025 Performance: Processed 510,000 tons of crude oil, produced 180,000 tons of gasoline and 220,000 tons of diesel, with a net profit of US$18 million 4. Core Features Russia-Kazakhstan Collaboration: Relying on raw material and technical support from Rosneft, ensuring stable operation Regional Gap Filling: Filling gaps in the coverage of large refineries, serving remote areas Latest Developments: In 2026, a cooperation with Lukoil of Russia was established, investing US$80 million in upgrades, increasing capacity to 800,000 tons/year in 2027 VIII. Caspian Bitum LLP – Caspian Bituminous Specialized Refinery 1. Company Overview

Established: 2008 (A specialized refining and chemical enterprise focusing on asphalt production)
Headquarters: Aktau, Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan (a port city on the Caspian Sea coast)
Shareholding Structure: Kazakhstan National Highway Company (KazAvtoZhol) holds a controlling stake (70%), KMG holds a minority stake (30%)
Industry Position: The eighth largest refining and chemical enterprise in Kazakhstan, the only professional asphalt refinery in the country, accounting for 2.4% of the national capacity
Employee Size: Approximately 480 people
Core Positioning: Providing road asphalt for Kazakhstan's "Bright Road" infrastructure project

2. Refinery Core Parameters

Designed Capacity: 450,000 tons/year (Crude oil processing capacity 450,000 tons/year)
Process Features: Primarily uses vacuum distillation and oxidative asphalt processes, specializing in the production of high-grade road asphalt
Products: 70, 90, and 110 grade road asphalt (compliant with GOST and ASTM standards), with an annual capacity of 400,000 tons
Raw Materials: Processing heavy crude oil from western Kazakhstan (high asphalt content)

3. Market and Value

Market: Exclusive supplier to Kazakhstan's national highway and railway infrastructure projects, holding 85% of the national road asphalt market share.
Location: Adjacent to Aktau Port on the Caspian Sea, asphalt is supplied to infrastructure projects in western and southern Kazakhstan via sea freight.

2025 Performance: Processed 440,000 tons of crude oil, produced 390,000 tons of asphalt, with a net profit of US$21 million.

Latest Developments: A 300,000-ton/year capacity expansion project will commence in 2026, with an investment of US$150 million. By 2028, capacity will reach 750,000 tons/year, meeting the infrastructure needs of Central Asia.

IX. KazPetroChem LLP – Petrochemical Supporting Refining Enterprise

1. Company Overview

Established: 2013 (Kazakhstan Petrochemical Industry Supporting Enterprise)

Headquarters: Atyrau, Kazakhstan (Ayrau Special Economic Zone)

Shareholding Structure: KazChem (60%), SIBUR (Russia) (40%)

Industry Position: Ninth largest refining and chemical enterprise, professional supplier of petrochemical raw materials, accounting for 2.2% of the national capacity

Employee Size: Approximately 450 people

Core Business: Processing refinery naphtha and condensate, producing petrochemical raw materials such as ethylene, propylene, and aromatics

2. Refining Facilities

Designed Capacity: 400,000 tons/year (condensate/naphtha processing)

Process Units: Naphtha fractionation, hydrorefining, aromatics extraction unit

Products: Benzene, toluene, xylene, light naphtha (ethylene feedstock), annual capacity 350,000 tons

Raw Materials: Naphtha and condensate purchased from Atyrau Refinery and Shymkent Refinery

3. Market and Synergies

Market: Exclusive supplier of IPCI to Atyrau Polypropylene and Silleno polyethylene projects account for 25% of the Kazakhstan petrochemical feedstock market share. Synergies: Deeply integrated with KMG and Sibur, forming a complete "refining-petrochemical-plastics" industrial chain.
2025 Performance: Processing 390,000 tons of feedstock, producing 280,000 tons of aromatics, with net profit

$16 million
Latest Developments: In 2026, a $180 million investment will be made to expand the Silleno project, constructing a new cracking unit, reaching a capacity of 800,000 tons/year by 2029.
X. Tengizchevroil (TCO) Affiliated Refinery – A Refining and Chemical Supporting Super Oilfield
1. Company Overview
Company Background: Tengizchevroil (TCO) is the largest oilfield operator in Kazakhstan (Tengiz oilfield, with an annual crude oil production of 35 million tons). Its shareholders are Chevron (50%), ExxonMobil (25%), KMG (20%), and Lukoil (5%).
Refining and Chemical Positioning: The tenth largest refining and chemical entity, a small-scale refinery supporting a super oilfield, not an independent legal entity, belonging to TCO's downstream sector.
Capacity: 300,000 tons/year (condensate/associated crude oil processing)
Core Functions: Providing fuel and oil products for its own use in the Tengiz oilfield operating area and the Atyrau region.
2. Facilities and Products

Process: Simple atmospheric distillation, hydrorefining unit

Products: Diesel, gasoline, LPG, fuel oil, all for self-use and supply to oilfield operating areas

Significance: Ensures the production and operation of super oilfields and reduces dependence on external oil products

Latest Developments: In 2026, TCO invested US$50 million to upgrade refineries, increasing capacity to 500,000 tons/year and adding aviation kerosene production capacity.

Overall Structure and Development Trends of Kazakhstan's Oil Refining Industry (2026)

1. Market Structure: Highly Monopolistic, State-Owned Dominant

Concentration: The top three state-owned/joint venture refineries (Shymkent, Pavlodar, Atyrau) account for 91.8% of the national capacity, with KMG directly/indirectly controlling 68% of the capacity, forming a "one super (KMG) multi-party (Chinese-funded, private, international oil company)" structure.

Ownership: State-owned (KMG group) accounts for 68%, Chinese-funded (CNPC group) accounts for 18%, private accounts for 10%, and international oil companies account for 4%.

2. Technological Level: Rapid Upgrading, Benchmarking Against the EU

Overall Improvement: Over US$12 billion invested in upgrades from 2015-2026, increasing the national average refining depth from 72% to 90%, and light oil yield from 65% to 78%.

Standard Upgrading: All three major refineries fully meet Euro V standards, PRK achieves Euro VI, and the entire industry will upgrade to Euro VI+ by 2030.

Shortcomings: High-end lubricants and specialty petrochemical products still rely on imports; low level of refining integration.

3. Supply, Demand, and Exports: Self-sufficiency, Exports to Central Asia

Supply and Demand Balance: Refined oil production will reach 14.55 million tons in 2025, domestic consumption will be 13.8 million tons, and exports will be 750,000 tons, achieving complete self-sufficiency with a small net export.

Export Direction: Shifting from Europe to Central Asia, Russia, Iran, and Afghanistan; exports to Central Asia will account for 65% by 2025.

Long-Term Planning: Capacity will increase to 30 million tons by 2032, and reach [a certain level] by 2040. 40 million tons, becoming a Central Asian oil export center

4. China-Kazakhstan Cooperation: Deep Integration and Comprehensive Participation

Core Projects: Shymkent Refinery (50:50), Silleno Polyethylene (Sinopec 30%), PK Oil Company (wholly owned by CNPC)

Cooperation Model: Upgraded from "Engineering Contracting + Equipment Supply" to "Equity Cooperation + Technology Export + Operation Management"

Future Direction: The total investment in the three major projects—Shymkent capacity expansion, Atyrau integration, and Pavlodar modernization—exceeds US$10 billion, with Chinese investment exceeding 60%.

5. Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges: International sanctions impacting technology/equipment imports, aging equipment in some refineries, and intensified regional competition (Uzbekistan refinery capacity expansion)

Opportunities: Central Asian economic integration, deepening China-Central Asia energy cooperation, opening of the Caspian Sea transport corridor, and domestic infrastructure development driving oil demand.

The above is a comprehensive and detailed introduction to Kazakhstan's top ten oil refining companies, covering company overview, equity, capacity, products, technology, market, and 2026. Latest updates for the year. For further in-depth reports on individual companies, refinery process parameters, details of China-Kazakhstan cooperation projects, and industry investment analysis, please feel free to contact us.